Civil Engineering

What is a slab & its types? In any building the most common structural element of construction to create a flat surface such as floor & roof is called slabs. The depth of the slab is very less compared to its effective length. Different loads act on a slab, such as the dead load of the slab, live load on a slab, super-imposed dead load, earthquake load. There are different kinds of slabs based on their support conditions. Types of slabs: One-way Slab – Slabs whose longer dimension exceeds two times the shorter dimension is termed as a one-way slab. They are supported by beams on two opposite sides. In one-way slabs the imposed loads are transferred to the two opposite faces of the slab & in one direction, hence the name one-way slabs. In one way slab, the main reinforcements run along the shorter edges while distribution reinforcements run along the transverse direction. The most common example of a one-way slab is a balcony (generally). The load distribution is

Bonding Mechanism in RCC Structure   In an RCC structure is considered safe when the relevant loads on the structure is under the permissible limits for that structure, the impact of load is sustained by the RCC main components like concrete & steel. The composite action of reinforced concrete is mainly due to the bonding or the adhesion between the reinforcement steel’s ribs provide better bonding with the surrounding concrete. This bonding between the reinforcement steel & concrete enables the transfer of axial force from the reinforcement steel to the surrounding concrete & the bond also ensures strain compatibility and composite action of the composite material (Reinforced Concrete). The assumption of plain section remains plain even after bending in the simple bending theory, is valid only when there is effective bond between the steel & surrounding concrete. In steel reinforcement of an RCC member, the stress varies from point to point along its lengt

Foundation Structure: Classification of Footings Generally, In an RCC structure the applied load, moments & other forces are transmitted through the column to the foundation structure below ground level such as pile via pile cap or footings, without exceeding the safe bearing capacity. The settlement of the structure shall be kept as per tolerable limit and nearly uniform as possible. In a footing, the plan area is much larger than the cross-sectional area of the column, the load is transferred from the slabs via beam to the columns and the total load is distributed throughout the area of the footing via reinforcements & concrete. The effect of the load is transferred to the soil by bearing pressure, normally the bearing pressure of the soil is much lower than concrete & steel. In generally in India the safe bearing capacity of a particular soil ranges between 100 – 400 kN/Sq.m whereas, the permissible compressive strength of concrete is approximately 5-15 N/mm 2